Using cloud GPUs: Difference between revisions

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<languages />
<languages />
<translate>
<translate>


<!--T:31-->
<!--T:2-->
This page describes how to  
This guide describes how to allocate GPU resources to a virtual machine (VM), installing the necessary drivers and checking whether the GPU can be used.
* allocate virtual GPU (vGPU) resources to a virtual machine (VM),  
* install the necessary drivers and  
* check whether the vGPU can be used.
Access to repositories as well as to the vGPUs is currently only available within [https://arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca Arbutus Cloud]. Please note that the documentation below only covers the vGPU driver installation. The [https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive CUDA toolkit] is not pre-installed but you can install it directly from  NVIDIA or load it from [[Accessing_CVMFS|the CVMFS software stack]].
If you choose to install the toolkit directly from NVIDIA, please ensure that the vGPU driver is not overwritten with the one from the CUDA package.


== Supported flavors == <!--T:32-->
== Supported flavors == <!--T:23-->


<!--T:3-->
<!--T:3-->
To use a vGPU within a VM, the instance needs to be deployed on one of the flavors listed below. The vGPU will be available to the operating system via the PCI bus.
To use a GPU within a VM, the instance needs to be deployed on one of the flavors listed below. The GPU will be available to the operating system via the PCI bus.


<!--T:4-->
<!--T:4-->
* g1-8gb-c4-22gb
* g2-c24-112gb-500
* g1-16gb-c8-40gb
* g1-c14-56gb-500
* g1-c14-56gb


== Preparation of a VM running AlmaLinux 9 == <!--T:33-->  
== Preparing a Debian 10 instance == <!--T:5-->


<!--T:34-->
<!--T:24-->
Once the VM is available, make sure to update the OS to the latest available software, including the kernel.
To use the GPU via the PCI bus, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers are required. Due to Debian's policy, the drivers are available from the non-free pool only.
Then, reboot the VM to have the latest kernel running.


<!--T:35-->
===== Enable the non-free pool ===== <!--T:6-->
To have access to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support DKMS package], the [https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm EPEL repository] is required.


<!--T:36-->
<!--T:25-->
AlmaLinux 9 has by default a faulty <code>nouveau</code> driver which crashes the kernel as soon as the <code>nvidia</code> driver is mounted.  
Log in using ssh and add the lines below to ''/etc/apt/sources.list'', if they are not already there.
The VM needs a few extra steps to prevent the loading of the nouveau driver when the system boots.


</translate>
<!--T:7-->
<pre>
<pre>
[root@almalinux9]# echo -e "blacklist nouveau\noptions nouveau modeset=0" >/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
[root@almalinux9]# dracut -fv --omit-drivers nouveau
deb http://security.debian.org/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
[root@almalinux9]# dnf -y update && dnf -y install epel-release && reboot
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
</pre>
</pre>
<translate>


<!--T:37-->
===== Install the NVIDIA driver ===== <!--T:8-->
After the reboot of the VM, the Arbutus vGPU Cloud repository needs to be installed.


</translate>
<!--T:26-->
<pre>
The following command:
[root@almalinux9]# dnf install http://repo.arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca/pulp/repos/alma9/Packages/a/arbutus-cloud-vgpu-repo-1.0-1.el9.noarch.rpm</pre>
* updates the <code>apt</code> cache, so that <code>apt</code> will be aware of the new software pool sections,
<translate>
* updates the OS to the latest software versions, and
* installs kernel headers, an NVIDIA driver, and <code>pciutils</code>, which will be required to list the devices connected to the PCI bus.


<!--T:38-->
<!--T:9-->
The next step is to install the vGPU packages, which will install the required driver and user-space tools.
 
</translate>
<pre>
<pre>
[root@almalinux9]# dnf -y install nvidia-vgpu-gridd.x86_64 nvidia-vgpu-tools.x86_64 nvidia-vgpu-kmod.x86_64
root@gpu2:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && apt-get -y install pciutils linux-headers-`uname -r` linux-headers-amd64 nvidia-driver
</pre>
</pre>
<translate>


<!--T:39-->
<!--T:27-->
After a successful  installation, <code>nvidia-smi</code> can be used to verify the proper functionality.
If this command finishes successfully, the NVIDIA driver will have been compiled and loaded.


</translate>
<!--T:10-->
* Check if the GPU is exposed on the PCI bus
<pre>
<pre>
[root@almalinux9]# nvidia-smi
root@gpu2:~# lspci -vk
Tue Apr 23 16:37:31 2024     
[...]
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:05.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK210GL [Tesla K80] (rev a1)
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4    |
Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation GK210GL [Tesla K80]
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
Physical Slot: 5
| GPU  Name                Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
| Fan  Temp  Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |          Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
Memory at fd000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
|                                        |                        |              MIG M. |
Memory at 1000000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16G]
|=========================================+========================+======================|
Memory at 1400000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
|  0  GRID V100D-8C                  On  |  00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
| N/A  N/A    P0            N/A /  N/A  |      0MiB /  8192MiB |      0%      Default |
Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
|                                        |                        |                  N/A |
Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
                                                                                       
Kernel modules: nvidia
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[...]
| Processes:                                                                             |
|  GPU  GI  CI        PID  Type  Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID  ID                                                              Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
</pre>
<translate>


== Preparation of a VM running AlmaLinux 8 == <!--T:40-->  
<!--T:11-->
 
* Check that the <code>nvidia</code> kernel module is loaded
<!--T:41-->
Once the VM is available, make sure to update the OS to the latest available software, including the kernel. Then, reboot the VM to have the latest kernel running.
To have access to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kernel_Module_Support DKMS package], the EPEL repository is required.
 
</translate>
<pre>
<pre>
[root@vgpu almalinux]# dnf -y update && dnf -y install epel-release && reboot
root@gpu2:~# lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia              17936384  0
nvidia_drm            16384  0
</pre>
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:42-->
After the reboot of the VM, the Arbutus vGPU Cloud repository needs to be installed.


</translate>
<!--T:12-->
* Start <code>nvidia-persistenced</code>, which will create the necessary device files and make the GPU accessible in user space.
<pre>
<pre>
[root@almalinux8]# dnf install http://repo.arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca/pulp/repos/alma8/Packages/a/arbutus-cloud-vgpu-repo-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm
root@gpu2:~# systemctl restart nvidia-persistenced
</pre>
root@gpu2:~# ls -al /dev/nvidia*
<translate>
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195,  0 Mar  6 18:55 /dev/nvidia0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 255 Mar  6 18:55 /dev/nvidiactl
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 254 Mar  6 18:55 /dev/nvidia-modeset
</pre>  


<!--T:43-->
<!--T:14-->
The next step is to install the vGPU packages, which will install the required driver and user-space tools.
The GPU is now available within the user space and can be used.
</translate>
<pre>
[root@vgpu almalinux]# dnf -y install nvidia-vgpu-gridd.x86_64 nvidia-vgpu-tools.x86_64 nvidia-vgpu-kmod.x86_64
</pre>
<translate>


<!--T:44-->
== Preparing a CentOS 7 instance == <!--T:15-->
After a successful  installation, <code>nvidia-smi</code> can be used to verify the proper functionality.


</translate>
<!--T:28-->
<pre>
NVIDIA provides repositories for various distributions, therefore the required software can be installed and maintained via these repositories.
[root@almalinux8]# nvidia-smi
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4    |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |          Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                        |                        |              MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|  0  GRID V100D-8C                  On  |  00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A  N/A    P0            N/A /  N/A  |      0MiB /  8192MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                        |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU  GI  CI        PID  Type  Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID  ID                                                              Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<translate>
 
== Preparation of a VM running Debian 11 == <!--T:45-->
Ensure that the latest packages are installed and the system has been booted with the latest stable kernel, as <b>DKMS</b> will request the latest one available from the Debian repositories.


</translate>
<!--T:16-->
<pre>
To compile the module sources from the NVIDIA repository, it is necessary to install <code>dkms</code>.
root@debian11:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && reboot
This will automatically build the modules on kernel updates, and therefore ensures that the GPU is still working after any update of the OS.
</pre>
<code>dkms</code> is provided in the EPEL repository.
<translate>
Kernel headers and the kernel source need to be installed before the NVIDIA driver can be set up.


<!--T:46-->
===== Enable the EPEL repository and install needed software ===== <!--T:17-->
After a successful reboot, the system should have the latest available kernel running and the repository can be installed, by installing the <code>arbutus-cloud-repo</code> package.
This package also contains the gpg key all packages are signed with.


</translate>
<!--T:29-->
<pre>
<pre>
root@debian11:~# wget http://repo.arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca/pulp/deb/deb11/pool/main/arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1_all.deb
[root@gpu-centos centos]# yum -y update && reboot
root@debian11:~# apt-get install -y ./arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1_all.deb
yum -y install epel-release && yum -y install dkms kernel-devel-$(uname -r) kernel-headers-$(uname -r)
</pre>
</pre>
<translate>


<!--T:47-->
===== Add the NVIDIA repository and install the driver package ===== <!--T:18-->
Update the local apt cache and install the vGPU packages:
 
</translate>
<pre>
root@debian11:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y install nvidia-vgpu-kmod nvidia-vgpu-tools nvidia-vgpu-gridd
</pre>


<!--T:30-->
Install the <code>yum</code> repository:
<pre>
<pre>
root@debian11:~# nvidia-smi
[root@gpu-centos centos]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/cuda-rhel7.repo
Tue Apr 23 18:55:18 2024     
yum install -y cuda-drivers
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4    |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |          Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                        |                        |              MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|  0  GRID V100D-8C                  On  |  00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A  N/A    P0            N/A / N/A  |      0MiB /   8192MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                        |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU  GI  CI        PID  Type  Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID  ID                                                              Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
</pre>
<translate>
== Preparation of a VM running Debian 12 ==  <!--T:48-->
Ensure that the latest packages are installed and the system has been booted with the latest stable kernel, as <b>DKMS</b> will request the latest one available from the Debian repositories.


</translate>
<!--T:19-->
NVIDIA uses its own GPG key to sign its packages.  <code>yum</code> will ask to autoimport it.  Reply "y" for "yes" when prompted.
<pre>
<pre>
root@debian12:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && reboot
Retrieving key from http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
Importing GPG key 0x7FA2AF80:
Userid    : "cudatools <cudatools@nvidia.com>"
Fingerprint: ae09 fe4b bd22 3a84 b2cc fce3 f60f 4b3d 7fa2 af80
From      : http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
Is this ok [y/N]: y
</pre>  
</pre>  
<translate>
<!--T:49-->
After a successful reboot, the system should have the latest available kernel running and the repository can be installed, by installing the <code>arbutus-cloud-repo</code> package.
This package also contains the gpg key all packages are signed with.
</translate>
<pre>
root@debian12:~# wget http://repo.arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca/pulp/deb/deb12/pool/main/arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1+deb12_all.deb
root@debian12:~# apt-get install -y ./arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1+deb12_all.deb
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:50-->
Update the local apt cache and install the vGPU packages:


</translate>
<!--T:21-->
After installation, reboot the VM to properly load the module and create the NVIDIA device files.
<pre>
<pre>
root@debian12:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y install nvidia-vgpu-kmod nvidia-vgpu-tools nvidia-vgpu-gridd
[root@gpu-centos ~]# ls -al /dev/nvidia*
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195,  0 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia0
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195, 255 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidiactl
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195, 254 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia-modeset
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 241,  0 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia-uvm
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 241,  1 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools
</pre>
</pre>


<pre>
<!--T:22-->
root@debian12:~# nvidia-smi
The GPU is now accessible via any user space tool.
Tue Apr 23 18:55:18 2024     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4    |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |          Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                        |                        |              MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|  0  GRID V100D-8C                  On  |  00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A  N/A    P0            N/A /  N/A  |      0MiB /  8192MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                        |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU  GI  CI        PID  Type  Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID  ID                                                              Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<translate>
 
== Preparation of a VM running Ubuntu 22 ==  <!--T:51-->
Ensure that the OS is up to date, that all the latest patches are installed, and that the latest stable kernel is running.


</translate>
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu22:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && reboot
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:52-->
After a successful reboot, the system should have the latest available kernel running.
Now the repository can be installed by installing the <code>arbutus-cloud-repo</code> package.
This package also contains the gpg key all packages are signed with.
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu22:~# wget http://repo.arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca/pulp/deb/ubnt22/pool/main/arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1_all.deb
root@ubuntu22:~# apt-get install ./arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1_all.deb
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:53-->
Update the local apt cache and install the vGPU packages:
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu22:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y install nvidia-vgpu-kmod nvidia-vgpu-tools nvidia-vgpu-gridd
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:54-->
If your installation was successful, the vGPU will be accessible and licensed.
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu22:~# nvidia-smi
Wed Apr 24 14:37:52 2024     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4    |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |          Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                        |                        |              MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|  0  GRID V100D-8C                  On  |  00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A  N/A    P0            N/A /  N/A  |      0MiB /  8192MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                        |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU  GI  CI        PID  Type  Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID  ID                                                              Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
<translate>
== Preparation of a VM running Ubuntu 20 == <!--T:55-->
Ensure that the OS is up to date, that all the latest patches are installed, and that the latest stable kernel is running.
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu20:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && reboot
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:56-->
After a successful reboot, the system should have the latest available kernel running.
Now the repository can be installed by installing the <code>arbutus-cloud-repo</code> package.
This package also contains the gpg key all packages are signed with.
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu20:~# wget http://repo.arbutus.cloud.computecanada.ca/pulp/deb/ubnt20/pool/main/arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1ubuntu20_all.deb
root@ubuntu20:~# apt-get install ./arbutus-cloud-repo_0.1ubuntu20_all.deb
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:57-->
Update the local apt cache and install the vGPU packages:
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu20:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y install nvidia-vgpu-kmod nvidia-vgpu-tools nvidia-vgpu-gridd
</pre>
<translate>
<!--T:58-->
If your installation was successful, the vGPU will be accessible and licensed.
</translate>
<pre>
root@ubuntu20:~# nvidia-smi
Wed Apr 24 14:37:52 2024     
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.15              Driver Version: 550.54.15      CUDA Version: 12.4    |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |          Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                        |                        |              MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|  0  GRID V100D-8C                  On  |  00000000:00:06.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A  N/A    P0            N/A /  N/A  |      0MiB /  8192MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                        |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU  GI  CI        PID  Type  Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID  ID                                                              Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                            |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</pre>
[[Category:Cloud]]
[[Category:Cloud]]

Latest revision as of 18:40, 29 October 2024

Other languages:

This guide describes how to allocate GPU resources to a virtual machine (VM), installing the necessary drivers and checking whether the GPU can be used.

Supported flavors

To use a GPU within a VM, the instance needs to be deployed on one of the flavors listed below. The GPU will be available to the operating system via the PCI bus.

  • g2-c24-112gb-500
  • g1-c14-56gb-500
  • g1-c14-56gb

Preparing a Debian 10 instance

To use the GPU via the PCI bus, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers are required. Due to Debian's policy, the drivers are available from the non-free pool only.

Enable the non-free pool

Log in using ssh and add the lines below to /etc/apt/sources.list, if they are not already there. 

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
Install the NVIDIA driver

The following command:

  • updates the apt cache, so that apt will be aware of the new software pool sections,
  • updates the OS to the latest software versions, and
  • installs kernel headers, an NVIDIA driver, and pciutils, which will be required to list the devices connected to the PCI bus.
root@gpu2:~# apt-get update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade && apt-get -y install pciutils linux-headers-`uname -r` linux-headers-amd64 nvidia-driver

If this command finishes successfully, the NVIDIA driver will have been compiled and loaded.

  • Check if the GPU is exposed on the PCI bus
root@gpu2:~# lspci -vk
[...]
00:05.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK210GL [Tesla K80] (rev a1)
	Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation GK210GL [Tesla K80]
	Physical Slot: 5
	Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
	Memory at fd000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
	Memory at 1000000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16G]
	Memory at 1400000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
	Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 3
	Capabilities: [68] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
	Capabilities: [78] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
	Kernel driver in use: nvidia
	Kernel modules: nvidia
[...]
  • Check that the nvidia kernel module is loaded
root@gpu2:~# lsmod | grep nvidia
nvidia              17936384  0
nvidia_drm             16384  0
  • Start nvidia-persistenced, which will create the necessary device files and make the GPU accessible in user space.
root@gpu2:~# systemctl restart nvidia-persistenced
root@gpu2:~# ls -al /dev/nvidia*
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195,   0 Mar  6 18:55 /dev/nvidia0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 255 Mar  6 18:55 /dev/nvidiactl
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 195, 254 Mar  6 18:55 /dev/nvidia-modeset

The GPU is now available within the user space and can be used.

Preparing a CentOS 7 instance

NVIDIA provides repositories for various distributions, therefore the required software can be installed and maintained via these repositories.

To compile the module sources from the NVIDIA repository, it is necessary to install dkms. This will automatically build the modules on kernel updates, and therefore ensures that the GPU is still working after any update of the OS. dkms is provided in the EPEL repository. Kernel headers and the kernel source need to be installed before the NVIDIA driver can be set up.

Enable the EPEL repository and install needed software
[root@gpu-centos centos]# yum -y update && reboot
yum -y install epel-release && yum -y install dkms kernel-devel-$(uname -r) kernel-headers-$(uname -r)
Add the NVIDIA repository and install the driver package

Install the yum repository: 

[root@gpu-centos centos]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/cuda-rhel7.repo
yum install -y cuda-drivers

NVIDIA uses its own GPG key to sign its packages. yum will ask to autoimport it. Reply "y" for "yes" when prompted. 

Retrieving key from http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
Importing GPG key 0x7FA2AF80:
 Userid     : "cudatools <cudatools@nvidia.com>"
 Fingerprint: ae09 fe4b bd22 3a84 b2cc fce3 f60f 4b3d 7fa2 af80
 From       : http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel7/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
Is this ok [y/N]: y

After installation, reboot the VM to properly load the module and create the NVIDIA device files. 

[root@gpu-centos ~]# ls -al /dev/nvidia*
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195,   0 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia0
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195, 255 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidiactl
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195, 254 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia-modeset
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 241,   0 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia-uvm
crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 241,   1 Mar 10 20:35 /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools

The GPU is now accessible via any user space tool.

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