Perl: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Software]]
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== Description ==
== Description == <!--T:1-->
[http://www.perl.org Perl] is a free programming language which is interpreted and has acquired a vast library of contributed packages over the 25+ years of its existence. Its strengths are manipulating strings, database access and its portability ([http://www.cio.com/article/175450/You_Used_Perl_to_Write_WHAT_ according to this article]). Its weaknesses are its poor performance and the ease with which one can write obscure and illegible code. By design, Perl offers several different ways of accomplishing the same task. Many programmers have adopted this language and write code that is very compact but difficult to decipher.  
[http://www.perl.org Perl] is a free programming language which is interpreted and has acquired a vast library of contributed packages over the 25+ years of its existence. Its strengths are manipulating strings, database access and its portability ([http://www.cio.com/article/175450/You_Used_Perl_to_Write_WHAT_ according to this article]). Its weaknesses are its poor performance and the ease with which one can write obscure and illegible code. By design, Perl offers several different ways of accomplishing the same task. Many programmers have adopted this language and write code that is very compact but difficult to decipher.  


== Loading the Interpreter ==
== Loading the Interpreter == <!--T:2-->
The Perl language is made available on Compute Canada's servers using a module which you can load like any other, e.g.  
The Perl language is made available on Compute Canada's servers using a module which you can load like any other, e.g.  
{{Command|module avail perl}}
{{Command|module spider perl}}
to see which versions are installed and then  
to see which versions are installed and then  
{{Command|module load perl/5.22.2}}
{{Command|module load perl/5.30.2}}
to load a particular version.
to load a particular version.


== Installing Packages ==
== Installing Packages == <!--T:3-->
A large number of Perl packages can be installed by means of the [http://www.cpan.org/ Comprehensive Perl Archive Network], by using the tool <tt>cpan</tt>, which however must first be initialized correctly in  
A large number of Perl packages can be installed by means of the [http://www.cpan.org/ Comprehensive Perl Archive Network], by using the tool <tt>cpan</tt>, which however must first be initialized correctly in order to install them in your home directory. Note that many Perl packages are developed using the Gcc compiler family, so we recommend that you load a <tt>gcc</tt> module before attempting to install any Perl packages:
order to install them in your home directory.
{{
Command
|module load gcc/9.3.0
}}


=== Initial Configuration for Package Installation ===
=== Initial Configuration for Package Installation === <!--T:4-->
During the first execution of the command <tt>cpan</tt> the utility will ask you if you want to allow it to configure the majority of settings automatically. Respond <tt>yes</tt>.  
During the first execution of the command <tt>cpan</tt> the utility will ask you if you want to allow it to configure the majority of settings automatically. Respond <tt>yes</tt>.  
{{
{{
Line 24: Line 28:
...
...


<!--T:5-->
Would you like me to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes]
Would you like me to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes]
...
...
What approach do you want?  (Choose 'local::lib', 'sudo' or 'manual')
[local::lib]
...
<!--T:14-->
</nowiki>
</nowiki>
}}
}}
Afterwards, use the following commands to change your installation directory:
The <tt>cpan</tt> utility will offer to append a variety of environment variable settings to your .bashrc file, which you should agree to. You can then type the command <tt>quit</tt> at the interface to exit the <tt>cpan</tt> software. Before installing any Perl modules you will need to restart your shell for these new settings to take effect.
{{
Commands
|prompt=>
|o conf mbuildpl_arg "--install_base ~/perl/"
|o conf makepl_arg "PREFIX{{=}}~/perl/"
|o conf commit
|exit
}}
''Note that it is important to quit <tt>cpan</tt> at this stage and to restart it so that the new settings are used.''


=== Package Installation ===
=== Package Installation === <!--T:6-->
When the initial configuration is done, you can install any of the more than 25,000 packages available on CPAN. For example:
When the initial configuration is done, you can install any of the more than 25,000 packages available on CPAN. For example:
{{
{{
Line 46: Line 47:
|result=
|result=
<nowiki>
<nowiki>
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.7602)
Terminal does not support AddHistory.
ReadLine support available (try 'install Bundle::CPAN')


cpan> install PerlIO::gzip
<!--T:15-->
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.11)
Enter 'h' for help.
</nowiki>
cpan[1]> install Chess
<nowiki>
...
...
Running install for module PerlIO::gzip
Running install for module 'Chess'
Running make for N/NW/NWCLARK/PerlIO-gzip-0.18.tar.gz
Fetching with LWP:
Fetching with LWP:
  ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/authors/id/N/NW/NWCLARK/PerlIO-gzip-0.18.tar.gz
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz
CPAN: Digest::MD5 loaded ok
Fetching with LWP:
Fetching with LWP:
  ftp://CPAN.mirror.rafal.ca/pub/CPAN/authors/id/N/NW/NWCLARK/CHECKSUMS
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/B/BJ/BJR/CHECKSUMS
...
Checksum for /home/stubbsda/.cpan/sources/authors/id/B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz ok
 
Scanning cache /home/stubbsda/.cpan/build for sizes
CPAN.pm: Going to build N/NW/NWCLARK/PerlIO-gzip-0.18.tar.gz
............................................................................DONE
 
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Looks good
Writing Makefile for PerlIO::gzip
...
Running make for B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz
...
...
Running make test
Running make test
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-e" "test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/cvmfs/soft.computecanada.ca/nix/store/g8ds64pbnavscf7n754pjlx5cp1mkkv1-perl-5.22.2/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/read.....ok
t/bishop.t ......... ok 
t/write....ok
t/board.t .......... ok    
t/checkmate.t ...... ok 
t/game.t ........... ok     
t/king.t ........... ok 
t/knight.t ......... ok   
t/movelist.t ....... ok   
t/movelistentry.t .. ok   
t/pawn.t ........... ok   
t/piece.t .......... ok   
t/queen.t .......... ok 
t/rook.t ........... ok 
t/stalemate.t ...... ok  
All tests successful.
All tests successful.
Files=2, Tests=561,  0 wallclock secs ( 0.37 cusr + 0.05 csys =  0.42 CPU)
Files=13, Tests=311,  3 wallclock secs ( 0.14 usr  0.05 sys +  2.49 cusr  0.20 csys =  2.88 CPU)
Result: PASS
...
...
Running make install
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess::Piece::Knight.3
Files found in blib/arch: installing files in blib/lib into architecture dependent library tree
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess.3
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess::Piece::Bishop.3
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess::Board.3
Appending installation info to /home/stubbsda/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/perllocal.pod
  BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz
  /cvmfs/soft.computecanada.ca/nix/var/nix/profiles/16.09/bin/make install  -- OK
</nowiki>
cpan[2]>
<nowiki>
</nowiki>
</nowiki>
}}
Lastly, you must add the path of your installation directory to your environment. You can do this by adding the following line to your <tt>.bashrc</tt>:
{{
Command|export PERL5LIB{{=}}$HOME/perl/lib64/perl5:$HOME/perl/share/perl5
}}
(assuming that you have installed the packages in the directory <tt>$HOME/perl</tt>).
=== Using the Local::Lib Package to Install Packages ===
An alternative approach, based on the Perl package local::lib, is the following - you can simply copy and paste the commands into your terminal for it to work.
{{
File
  |name=perl_library.sh
  |lang=bash
  |contents=
# install local::lib
wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/H/HA/HAARG/local-lib-2.000018.tar.gz
tar -xzf local-lib-2.000018.tar.gz
cd local-lib-2.000018
perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap
make test && make install
# setting up appropriate environment variables so that perl knows about our new ~/perl5/lib directory
cd ~               
echo 'eval "$(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# check that local::lib is indeed installing to the right directory, you should see a bunch of paths beginning with ~/perl5/lib/perl5/ get printed out
perl -e 'print "@INC"'
}}
}}
</translate>
</translate>

Latest revision as of 18:03, 16 March 2021

Other languages:

Description

Perl is a free programming language which is interpreted and has acquired a vast library of contributed packages over the 25+ years of its existence. Its strengths are manipulating strings, database access and its portability (according to this article). Its weaknesses are its poor performance and the ease with which one can write obscure and illegible code. By design, Perl offers several different ways of accomplishing the same task. Many programmers have adopted this language and write code that is very compact but difficult to decipher.

Loading the Interpreter

The Perl language is made available on Compute Canada's servers using a module which you can load like any other, e.g.

Question.png 
[name@server ~]$ module spider perl

to see which versions are installed and then

Question.png 
[name@server ~]$ module load perl/5.30.2

to load a particular version.

Installing Packages

A large number of Perl packages can be installed by means of the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, by using the tool cpan, which however must first be initialized correctly in order to install them in your home directory. Note that many Perl packages are developed using the Gcc compiler family, so we recommend that you load a gcc module before attempting to install any Perl packages:

Question.png 
[name@server ~]$ module load gcc/9.3.0

Initial Configuration for Package Installation

During the first execution of the command cpan the utility will ask you if you want to allow it to configure the majority of settings automatically. Respond yes.

Question.png 
[name@server ~]$ cpan

...

Would you like me to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes]
...
What approach do you want?  (Choose 'local::lib', 'sudo' or 'manual')
 [local::lib] 
...

The cpan utility will offer to append a variety of environment variable settings to your .bashrc file, which you should agree to. You can then type the command quit at the interface to exit the cpan software. Before installing any Perl modules you will need to restart your shell for these new settings to take effect.

Package Installation

When the initial configuration is done, you can install any of the more than 25,000 packages available on CPAN. For example:

Question.png 
[name@server ~]$ cpan

Terminal does not support AddHistory.

cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.11)
Enter 'h' for help.

cpan[1]> install Chess

...
Running install for module 'Chess'
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/B/BJ/BJR/CHECKSUMS
Checksum for /home/stubbsda/.cpan/sources/authors/id/B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /home/stubbsda/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
...
Running make for B/BJ/BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz
...
Running make test
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/cvmfs/soft.computecanada.ca/nix/store/g8ds64pbnavscf7n754pjlx5cp1mkkv1-perl-5.22.2/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/bishop.t ......... ok   
t/board.t .......... ok     
t/checkmate.t ...... ok   
t/game.t ........... ok       
t/king.t ........... ok   
t/knight.t ......... ok     
t/movelist.t ....... ok     
t/movelistentry.t .. ok     
t/pawn.t ........... ok     
t/piece.t .......... ok     
t/queen.t .......... ok   
t/rook.t ........... ok   
t/stalemate.t ...... ok   
All tests successful.
Files=13, Tests=311,  3 wallclock secs ( 0.14 usr  0.05 sys +  2.49 cusr  0.20 csys =  2.88 CPU)
Result: PASS
...
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess::Piece::Knight.3
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess.3
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess::Piece::Bishop.3
Installing /home/stubbsda/perl5/man/man3/Chess::Board.3
Appending installation info to /home/stubbsda/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/perllocal.pod
  BJR/Chess-0.6.2.tar.gz
  /cvmfs/soft.computecanada.ca/nix/var/nix/profiles/16.09/bin/make install  -- OK

cpan[2]>
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