Translations:Cloud Technical Glossary/32/en: Difference between revisions

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Message definition (Cloud Technical Glossary)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Term
! Description
|-
|'''Apache HTTP Server''' 
| A Web server software. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server. 
|-
|'''CALM''' (cloud account lifecycle management)
| Our process for managing the allocation of cloud resources.
|-
|'''Ceph''' 
| The distributed data storage platform for our clouds; includes volume storage.
|-
|'''[[Arbutus_CephFS|CephFS]]''' (Ceph File System)
| A filesystem with Ceph storage, which allows data to be mounted simultaneously on multiple OpenStack instances. Currently only available with Arbutus. See https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephfs/.
|-
|'''cloud'''
| When referring to our cloud services, short form of ''IaaS cloud''. 
|-
|'''compute cloud'''
| Type of resource allocated to support OpenStack instances intended to run for a limited time, usually with a very high sustained usage of CPU and memory. Flavours for these resources have labels beginning with c*. Currently only available on Arbutus, Béluga and Cedar. Compare with ''persistent cloud''.
|-
|'''[[CVMFS|CVMFS]]''' (CernVM File System)
|A read-only content distribution system often used to manage software. 
|-
|'''ephemeral local disk'''
| Virtual disk which is created and destroyed along with an OpenStack instance. An ephemeral disk is created when an instance is launched without the specification of a volume.
|-
|'''flavor''' 
|OpenStack term for a predefined specification of a new instance. A flavor can define sizes for RAM, disk, number of cores, and so on.
|-
|'''floating IP'''
| Internet Protocol address that can be associated with an OpenStack instance to allow external access.
|-
|'''Horizon'''
| OpenStack cloud dashboard that is used for viewing and managing cloud resources through a Web browser. See https://docs.openstack.org/horizon/latest/. 
|-
|'''host''' 
| Physical server supporting virtual machines.
|-
|'''[[Working_with_images|image]]'''
| Image of a virtual disk used to create a new boot volume or ephemeral disk when creating an OpenStack instance.
|-
|'''instance'''
| OpenStack virtual machines are called ''instances'', mostly because they are instances of an image that is created upon request and that is configured when the instance is launched.
|-
|'''[[Using_ipv6_in_cloud|IPV6]]''' (Internet Protocol version 6)
| A communications protocol successor to IPv4. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6.
|-
|'''[[Arbutus object storage|object storage]]'''
| Object storage (or ''object-based storage'') is a storage type that manages data as objects, as opposed to other storage architectures like filesystems which manage data as a file hierarchy, and storage types where data is managed as blocks. Each object typically includes the data itself, a variable amount of metadata, and a globally unique identifier. Offered as S3 and Swift protocols. Allocated in TB. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storage. Currently only available with Arbutus.
|-
|'''[[Managing_your_cloud_resources_with_OpenStack|OpenStack]]'''
| The software suite used on our clouds to control hardware resources such as computers, storage and networking.
|-
|'''persistent cloud'''
| Allocation type for persistent virtual machines that are expected to run indefinitely and have low or bursty CPU requirements. Flavours for these resources have labels beginning with p*. Currently only available on Arbutus, Béluga and Cedar. Compare with ''compute cloud''.
|-
|'''project'''
| In our infrastructure, a project represents an allocation of cloud resources to a group or user. Sometimes referred to as ''tenant''.
|-
|'''[https://alliancecan.ca/en/services/advanced-research-computing/research-portal/accessing-resources/resource-allocation-competitions RAC]''' (Resource Allocation Competition)
| Our program via which PIs can submit a request for storage and computer resources beyond what can be obtained via the Rapid Access Service (RAS). The requests are evaluated by a committee of peers.
|-
|'''[https://alliancecan.ca/en/services/advanced-research-computing/research-portal/accessing-resources/rapid-access-service RAS]''' (Rapid Access Service)
|Service by which Principal Investigators can request a modest amount of storage and cloud resources without having to apply to the RAC.
|-
|'''S3''' (Simple Storage Service)
| A type of object storage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_S3.
|-
|'''[[Managing_your_cloud_resources_with_OpenStack#Security_Groups|security group]]'''
| A set of security rules that control network traffic and can be applied as a whole to one or more instances.
|-
| '''service portal'''
| Our infrastructure hosts many Web research portals which serve datasets or tools to a broad research community. These portals generally do not require large computing or storage resources, but may require support efforts from our technical team. Groups applying for a service portal often use our clouds, generally require a public IP address, and may have more stringent up-time requirements than most research projects.
|-
| '''shared filesystem'''
| Persistent storage space offered as a Unix-compliant filesystem that can be mounted across multiple hosts in a project. This is useful for sharing data across multiple hosts. Our service runs on CephFS and requires either a Fuse driver (Windows/Linux) or the CephFS kernel driver (Linux) for access. Allocated in TB.
|-
|'''snapshot''' 
| Copy of an OpenStack volume that can be used as a backup or to launch another instance.
|-
|'''SSL''' (Secure Sockets Layer)
| A protocol to allow encrypted communications over networks. SSL is obsolete and should be replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security) wherever possible.
|-
|'''[[Using_swift|SWIFT]]'''
| A type of object storage. See https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Swift.
|-
|'''tenant'''
| See '''project'''.
|-
|'''TSL''' (Transport Layer Security)
| See '''SSL'''.
|-
|'''vCPU''' (virtual central processing unit)
| A vCPU represents a portion or share of the underlying, physical CPU that is assigned to a particular virtual machine.
|-
|'''[[Using_cloud_vGPUs|vGPU]]''' (virtual graphics processing unit)
| A virtual machine can have one or more vGPUs assigned to it. Each of them is seen as a GPU by the operating system. Additional configuration may be required for use. 
|-
|'''virtual machine'''
| Virtual server in the cloud infrastructure. In OpenStack, active virtual machines are called ''instances''.
|-
|'''[[Working_with_volumes|volume]]'''
| Storage resource that can be attached to or detached from an OpenStack instance, like a virtual disk.
|-
| '''volume storage'''
| Type of persistent cloud storage providing virtual disk functionality to OpenStack instances running in the cloud. Implemented with Ceph software. Allocated in GB.
|}
Term Description
APACHE A software for running a webserver
CALM/Cloud account lifecycle management Cloud lifecycle management
CEPH Distributed data storage platform, our standard storage software on the cloud
CEPHFS/CEPH File System CEPH storage that can be mounted for e.g. data sharing on multiple instances/VMs.
Compute Cloud A flavour of instances/VMs which will be running for a limited time and may have high CPU/memory requirements during the entire lifespan.
CVMFS A distributed read-only content distribution system, often used for managing software.
Dashboard The web portal, named "Horizon" for our OpenStack clouds, for viewing and managing a user's cloud resources.
Ephemeral disk Virtual disk files, associated (and destroyed) with an instance/VM.
Flavour The OpenStack term for defining the compute, memory, and storage capacity of a new instance/VM
Floating IP An IP address that can be associated with an instance/VM to allow external access
FTP An obsolete file transfer protocol (should not be used for new deployments)
Horizon See "dashboard"
Host The physical resources supporting an instance/VM
Image Files which contain the contents of a virtual disk, often a base operating system in the creation of a volume or ephemeral disk
Instance A virtual server in the cloud infrastructure. Also known as a Virtual Machine (VM)
IPV6/Internet Protocol Version 6
Object Storage Persistent storage space for large amounts of data. Typically read access only, e.g. images and data sets.
OpenStack The software suite used on Compute Canada clouds to control hardware resources such as computers, storage and networking
Persistent Cloud An instance/VM anticipated to run indefinitely, such as web servers, database servers, etc. Typically has low or bursty CPU requirements.
RAS/Rapid Access Service Program allowing PI's to request and receive a given amount of Cloud resources
RAC/Resource Allocation Competition Program via which PIs can request additional resources
S3/Simple Storage Service A type of object storage
Security Group A set of rules controlling network traffic to and from an instance/VM
Snapshot A copy of a volume that can be used as a backup or to launch another instance/VM.
SSL/Secure Sockets Layer Protocol to allow encrypted communications over networks
SWIFT Another type of object storage
Tenant A group or user's allocation of cloud resources (now called a Project)
VCPU/Virtual central processing unit An instance/VM can have one or more CPUs assigned to it, each of which is seen as a single physical CPU core by the operating system.
VGPU/Virtual graphics processing unit An instance/VM can have one or more VGPUs assigned to it.
Volume An allocation of storage resources that can be attached or detached to/from an instance/VM, exposed as a block device (a virtual disk).
VM/Virtual Machine See "instance"
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