Database servers

Database servers available for researchers

Compute Canada offers access to MySQL and Postgres database servers for researchers on both Cedar and Graham:

• Cedar
  • MySQL
    • Description: General purpose server for the researcher wanting to set up SQL tables and issue SQL commands against them.
    • Server name: cedar-mysql-vm.int.cedar.computecanada.ca
    • Short server name: cedar-mysql-vm (can be used instead of long name on most compute nodes)
    • Version: MariaDB version 10.2 Community Edition
    • Documentation: http://www.mariadb.com
  • Postgres
    • Description: General purpose server for the researcher wanting to set up SQL tables and issue SQL commands against them. Includes a PostGIS extension available for those needing to do geocoding.
    • Server name: cedar-pgsql-vm.int.cedar.computecanada.ca
    • Short server name: cedar-pgsql-vm (can be used instead of long name on most compute nodes)
    • Version: PostgreSQL version 10.1, PostGIS version 2.4 extension available
    • Documentation: https://www.postgresql.org and https://postgis.net/documentation
• Graham
  • MySQL
    • Description: General purpose server for the researcher wanting to set up SQL tables and issue SQL commands against them.
    • Server IP Address: 199.241.163.99
    • Version: MariaDB version 10.2
    • Documentation: http://www.mariadb.com
  • Postgres - to be filled in

Cedar MySQL server

The Cedar MySQL server offers MariaDB version 10.2 which is compatible with other flavours of MySQL. For information on compatibility, see https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mariadb-vs-mysql-compatibility/ . For information on the latest features in MariaDB version 10.2, see https://mariadb.com/resources/blog/whats-new-mariadb-server-102 .

The MariaDB server runs as a VM called "cedar-mysql-vm" (full name: cedar-mysql-vm.int.cedar.computecanada.ca). Users who have accounts on the MySQL server are able to connect only through the Cedar head node (cedar.computecanada.ca), Cedar compute nodes and cedar portal (https://gateway.cedar.computecanada.ca).

For security, users cannot make an SSH connection to the database server directly.

MySQL account and connection

If you need the privileges to create your own database, you will need a MySQL account. To get a MySQL account on the Cedar MySQL server, please send a request to support@computecanada.ca with the following information:

• Your Compute Canada username
• Amount of database space needed for your project

We will then create an MySQL account with the same username as your Compute Canada username and a 16 digit random string password. The username, password, database server name, and other information required to make a MySQL connection will be stored in a file called .my.cnf located in your home directory. This file is confidential. You cannot change its contents but you can read it or delete it. If the file is deleted however, you will lose access to your database.

Run the "mysql" client to connect to the MySQL server. An older version of the client may be available without loading a module, but it will not give you access the latest features on the MySQL server. We recommend issuing the following commands to load a more recent version of the client:

[name@server ~]$ module load mariadb
[name@server ~]$ mysql --version
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.1.21-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

You can use the following commands to test that your MySQL database account is set up correctly:

[name@server ~]$ mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Do not use the -p or -h options as arguments when running mysql. The required password and server name are taken automatically from your .my.cnf file.

It is acceptable to submit a long-running SQL command from the head node, as most of the CPU usage is taken from the database server side. However, if you run a script which issues SQL commands and uses lots of CPU, then it needs to be submitted as a job to the scheduler. See Running jobs for details.

How to set up your MySQL database

In order to be able to set up MySQL tables and query them, you need to create your own database. To create a database, the name of the database is arbitrary but it must start with "<username>_" where <username> is your MySQL username. For example, if your username were "david" the name of the database must start with "david_" and the commands to create a database called "david_db1", for example, would be:

[name@server ~]$ mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE david_db1;
 MariaDB [(none)]> quit

You may create multiple MySQL databases as long as they all start with "<username>_". The created databases will automatically be accessible only to you from the cedar head node, cedar compute nodes, and cedar portal (gateway.cedar.computecanada.ca) and you will have full privileges to create SQL objects such as tables, views, etc..

How to work with your MySQL database

Suppose you have account "david" and have created a database called "david_db1" and want to use it. Here's how:

[name@server ~]$ mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> -- List available databases. Confirm david_db1 is in the list
 MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
 MariaDB [(none)]> -- Get into the database
 MariaDB [(none)]> USE david_db1;
 MariaDB [(none)]> ... Issue SQL commands. See below for information.
 MariaDB [(none)]> quit

Useful websites for information on using MariaDB:

• https://mariadb.com/kb/en/ - MariaDB Knowledgebase
• https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/training-tutorials/ - MariaDB Training and Tutorials
• https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/sql-statements-structure/ - MariaDB SQL Statement Structure
• https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/optimization-and-indexes/ - MariaDB Optimization and Indexes

Cedar PostgreSQL server

The Cedar Postgres server offers Postgres version 10.1 along with the PostGIS extension version 2.4.

The Cedar PostgreSQL server runs as a VM called "cedar-pgsql-vm" (full name: cedar-pgsql-vm.int.cedar.computecanada.ca). Users who have accounts on the PostgreSQL server are able to connect through the main Cedar head node (cedar.computecanada.ca), Cedar compute nodes, and Cedar portal machine (https://gateway.cedar.computecanada.ca).

For security, users cannot make an SSH connection to the database server directly.

To get an account and database on the Cedar PostgreSQL server, send a request to support@computecanada.ca with the following information:

• Your Compute Canada username
• Amount of database space needed for your project
• Do you need the PostGIS 2.4 extension for the database?

PostgreSQL account and connection

The PostgreSQL account we create for you will have the same username as your Compute Canada username. You will be given a database. The name of the database will typically be "db_<username>" where <username> is your Compute Canada username. You cannot create a database yourself. If you need more than one database, please send us a request at support@computecanada.ca.

PostgreSQL uses IDENT authentication for connection from Cedar nodes which means you do not need to supply a password to access your PostgreSQL account. For security reasons your Compute Canada password must NEVER be required or used in a script. This also means that one user cannot access another user's database directly.

Run the "psql" client to connect to the PostgreSQL server. An older version of the client may be available without loading a module, but it will not give you access to the latest features of PostgreSQL version 10. We recommend loading the following module to use a more recent version of the client:

[name@server ~]$ module load postgresql
[name@server ~]$ psql --version
psql (PostgreSQL) 10.2

How to work with your PostgreSQL database

Suppose you have account "david" and have been assigned a database called "db_david". Here is an example of how to use it from the Cedar head node:

[name@server ~]$ psql -h cedar-pgsql-vm -d db_david
 db_david=> -- List names of tables in your database
 db_david=> \dt
 db_david=> ... Issue SQL commands. See below for more information.
 db_david=> -- Quit
 db_david=> \q

Useful websites for information on using PostgreSQL:

• https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/tutorial.html - PostgreSQL tutorials
• https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/index.html - PostgreSQL version 10 manual
• https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/New_in_postgres_10 - latest features in Postgres version 10

How to share your PostgreSQL data

You can share your data in your PostgreSQL database with others. This is how:

• The person with whom you want to share access must have a Postgres account on the system. They should apply for one as described above.
• You will have to give the person connect access to your database.
• For each table or view to be shared, you give the person one or more of select, update, insert, and delete access to it.
• You can also revoke access to a table, view, or database.

Here is an example of user 'david' sharing a table with user 'kim':

[name@server ~]$ psql -h cedar-pgsql-vm -d db_david
 db_david=> -- Give kim connect access to the database
 db_david=> grant connect on database db_david to kim;
 db_david=> -- Give kim select-only access to a table called mytable
 db_david=> grant select on mytable to kim;
 db_david=> -- Quit
 db_david=> \q

Here is an example of user 'kim' accessing the shared table:

[name@server ~]$ psql -h cedar-pgsql-vm -d db_kim
 db_david=> -- Connect to the database containing the table to be accessed
 db_david=> \c db_david
 db_david=> -- Display the rows in the shared table
 db_david=> select * from mytable;
 db_david=> -- Quit
 db_david=> \q

Here is an example of user 'david' revoking access to 'kim':

[name@server ~]$ psql -h cedar-pgsql-vm -d db_david
 db_david=> -- Revoke kim's select-only access to a table called mytable
 db_david=> revoke select on mytable from kim;
 db_david=> -- Revoke kim's connect access to the database
 db_david=> revoke connect on database db_david from kim;
 db_david=> -- Quit
 db_david=> \q