Translations:Cloud Technical Glossary/32/fr: Difference between revisions

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Message definition (Cloud Technical Glossary)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Term
! Description
|-
|'''Apache HTTP Server''' 
| A Web server software. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server. 
|-
|'''CALM''' (cloud account lifecycle management)
| Our process for managing the allocation of cloud resources.
|-
|'''Ceph''' 
| The distributed data storage platform for our clouds; includes volume storage.
|-
|'''[[Arbutus_CephFS|CephFS]]''' (Ceph File System)
| A filesystem with Ceph storage, which allows data to be mounted simultaneously on multiple OpenStack instances. Currently only available with Arbutus. See https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephfs/.
|-
|'''cloud'''
| When referring to our cloud services, short form of ''IaaS cloud''. 
|-
|'''compute cloud'''
| Type of resource allocated to support OpenStack instances intended to run for a limited time, usually with a very high sustained usage of CPU and memory. Flavours for these resources have labels beginning with c*. Currently only available on Arbutus, Béluga and Cedar. Compare with ''persistent cloud''.
|-
|'''[[CVMFS|CVMFS]]''' (CernVM File System)
|A read-only content distribution system often used to manage software. 
|-
|'''ephemeral local disk'''
| Virtual disk which is created and destroyed along with an OpenStack instance. An ephemeral disk is created when an instance is launched without the specification of a volume.
|-
|'''flavor''' 
|OpenStack term for a predefined specification of a new instance. A flavor can define sizes for RAM, disk, number of cores, and so on.
|-
|'''floating IP'''
| Internet Protocol address that can be associated with an OpenStack instance to allow external access.
|-
|'''Horizon'''
| OpenStack cloud dashboard that is used for viewing and managing cloud resources through a Web browser. See https://docs.openstack.org/horizon/latest/. 
|-
|'''host''' 
| Physical server supporting virtual machines.
|-
|'''[[Working_with_images|image]]'''
| Image of a virtual disk used to create a new boot volume or ephemeral disk when creating an OpenStack instance.
|-
|'''instance'''
| OpenStack virtual machines are called ''instances'', mostly because they are instances of an image that is created upon request and that is configured when the instance is launched.
|-
|'''[[Using_ipv6_in_cloud|IPV6]]''' (Internet Protocol version 6)
| A communications protocol successor to IPv4. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6.
|-
|'''[[Arbutus object storage|object storage]]'''
| Object storage (or ''object-based storage'') is a storage type that manages data as objects, as opposed to other storage architectures like filesystems which manage data as a file hierarchy, and storage types where data is managed as blocks. Each object typically includes the data itself, a variable amount of metadata, and a globally unique identifier. Offered as S3 and Swift protocols. Allocated in TB. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storage. Currently only available with Arbutus.
|-
|'''[[Managing_your_cloud_resources_with_OpenStack|OpenStack]]'''
| The software suite used on our clouds to control hardware resources such as computers, storage and networking.
|-
|'''persistent cloud'''
| Allocation type for persistent virtual machines that are expected to run indefinitely and have low or bursty CPU requirements. Flavours for these resources have labels beginning with p*. Currently only available on Arbutus, Béluga and Cedar. Compare with ''compute cloud''.
|-
|'''project'''
| In our infrastructure, a project represents an allocation of cloud resources to a group or user. Sometimes referred to as ''tenant''.
|-
|'''[https://alliancecan.ca/en/services/advanced-research-computing/research-portal/accessing-resources/resource-allocation-competitions RAC]''' (Resource Allocation Competition)
| Our program via which PIs can submit a request for storage and computer resources beyond what can be obtained via the Rapid Access Service (RAS). The requests are evaluated by a committee of peers.
|-
|'''[https://alliancecan.ca/en/services/advanced-research-computing/research-portal/accessing-resources/rapid-access-service RAS]''' (Rapid Access Service)
|Service by which Principal Investigators can request a modest amount of storage and cloud resources without having to apply to the RAC.
|-
|'''S3''' (Simple Storage Service)
| A type of object storage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_S3.
|-
|'''[[Managing_your_cloud_resources_with_OpenStack#Security_Groups|security group]]'''
| A set of security rules that control network traffic and can be applied as a whole to one or more instances.
|-
| '''service portal'''
| Our infrastructure hosts many Web research portals which serve datasets or tools to a broad research community. These portals generally do not require large computing or storage resources, but may require support efforts from our technical team. Groups applying for a service portal often use our clouds, generally require a public IP address, and may have more stringent up-time requirements than most research projects.
|-
| '''shared filesystem'''
| Persistent storage space offered as a Unix-compliant filesystem that can be mounted across multiple hosts in a project. This is useful for sharing data across multiple hosts. Our service runs on CephFS and requires either a Fuse driver (Windows/Linux) or the CephFS kernel driver (Linux) for access. Allocated in TB.
|-
|'''snapshot''' 
| Copy of an OpenStack volume that can be used as a backup or to launch another instance.
|-
|'''SSL''' (Secure Sockets Layer)
| A protocol to allow encrypted communications over networks. SSL is obsolete and should be replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security) wherever possible.
|-
|'''[[Using_swift|SWIFT]]'''
| A type of object storage. See https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Swift.
|-
|'''tenant'''
| See '''project'''.
|-
|'''TSL''' (Transport Layer Security)
| See '''SSL'''.
|-
|'''vCPU''' (virtual central processing unit)
| A vCPU represents a portion or share of the underlying, physical CPU that is assigned to a particular virtual machine.
|-
|'''[[Using_cloud_vGPUs|vGPU]]''' (virtual graphics processing unit)
| A virtual machine can have one or more vGPUs assigned to it. Each of them is seen as a GPU by the operating system. Additional configuration may be required for use. 
|-
|'''virtual machine'''
| Virtual server in the cloud infrastructure. In OpenStack, active virtual machines are called ''instances''.
|-
|'''[[Working_with_volumes|volume]]'''
| Storage resource that can be attached to or detached from an OpenStack instance, like a virtual disk.
|-
| '''volume storage'''
| Type of persistent cloud storage providing virtual disk functionality to OpenStack instances running in the cloud. Implemented with Ceph software. Allocated in GB.
|}
Terme Définition
Apache HTTP Server Un logiciel pour l’implémentation de serveurs Web. Voir https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server.
CALM (cloud account lifecycle management) Gestion du cycle de vie d’un compte infonuagique. Notre processus pour gérer l’allocation des ressources infonuagiques.
Ceph La plateforme de stockage distribué des données pour nos nuages; inclut le stockage de volumes.
CephFS (Ceph File System) Un système de fichiers pour stockage Ceph qui permet de monter des données sur plusieurs machines virtuelles simultanément. Ce service est présentement offert sur Arbutus seulement. Voir https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephfs/.
nuage (cloud) En référence à nos services infonuagiques, forme courte de nuage IaaS.
ressource de calcul infonuagique Type de ressource allouée pour supporter les instances dont l’exécution est limitée dans le temps et qui requièrent une grande utilisation de CPU et mémoire de manière soutenue. Les noms de gabarits pour ces ressources commencent par la lettre c. Ces ressources sont présentement offertes sur Arbutus, Béluga et Cedar. Comparer à ressource de calcul infonuagique persistant.
CVMFS (CernVM File System)

Un système de distribution de contenu en lecture seule souvent utilisé pour distribuer des logiciels. Voir https://docs.alliancecan.ca/wiki/CVMFS.

disque local éphémère Disque virtuel créé et supprimé avec une instance OpenStack. Ce type de disque est créé au lancement d’une instance quand un volume n’est pas spécifié.
gabarit (flavor) Terme utilisé dans OpenStack pour désigner une configuration préétablie pour une nouvelle instance. Un gabarit peut définir plusieurs paramètres, par exemple le nombre de cœurs et la capacité de mémoire vive et sur disque.
IP flottante Adresse IP qui peut être associée à une instance OpenStack pour permettre aux périphériques externes d’y accéder.
Horizon Tableau de bord OpenStack pour la gestion des ressources infonuagiques via un navigateur Web. Voir

https://docs.openstack.org/horizon/latest/.

host Physical server supporting virtual machines.
image Image of a virtual disk used to create a new boot volume or ephemeral disk when creating an OpenStack instance.
instance OpenStack virtual machines are called instances, mostly because they are instances of an image that is created upon request and that is configured when the instance is launched.
IPV6 (Internet Protocol version 6) A communications protocol successor to IPv4. See ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6
object storage Object storage (or object-based storage) is a storage type that manages data as objects, as opposed to other storage architectures like filesystems which manage data as a file hierarchy, and storage where data is managed as blocks. Each object typically includes the data itself, a variable amount of metadata, and a globally unique identifier. Offered as S3 and Swift protocols. Allocated in TB. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storage. Currently only available with Arbutus.
OpenStack The software suite used on our clouds to control hardware resources such as computers, storage and networking.
persistent cloud Allocation type for persistent virtual machines that are expected to run indefinitely and have low or bursty CPU requirements. Flavors have labels beginning with p*. Currently only available on Arbutus, Béluga and Cedar. Compare with compute cloud.
project In our infrastructure, a project represents an allocation of cloud resources to a group or user.
RAC (Resource Allocation Competition) Our program via which PIs can submit a request for storage and computer resources beyond what can be obtained via the Rapid Access Service (RAS). The requests are evaluated by a committee of peers.
RAS (Rapid Access Service) Service by which Principal Investigators can request a modest amount of storage and cloud resources without having to apply to the RAC.
S3 (Simple Storage Service) A type of object storage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_S3.
security group A set of security rules that control network traffic and can be applied as a whole to one or more instances.
service portal We host many research web portals which serve datasets or tools to a broad research community. These portals generally do not require large computing or storage resources, but may require support effort by our technical team. Groups applying for a service portal often use our clouds, generally require a public IP address, and may have more stringent up-time requirements than most research projects.
shared filesystem Persistent storage space offered as a Unix-compliant filesystem that can be mounted across multiple hosts in a project. This is useful for sharing data across multiple hosts. Service runs on CephFS and requires either a Fuse driver (Windows/Linux) or the CephFS kernel driver (Linux) for access. Allocated in TB.
snapshot Copy of an OpenStack volume that can be used as a backup or to launch another instance.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) A protocol to allow encrypted communications over networks. SSL is obsolete and should be replaced by TLS (Transport Layer Security) wherever possible.
SWIFT A type of object storage. See https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Swift.
tenant See project.
TSL (Transport Layer Security) See SSL.
vCPU (virtual central processing unit) A vCPU represents a portion or share of the underlying, physical CPU that is assigned to a particular virtual machine.
vGPU (virtual graphics processing unit) A virtual machine can have one or more vGPUs assigned to it. Each of them is seen as a GPU by the operating system. Additional configuration may be required for use. See https://docs.alliancecan.ca/wiki/Using_cloud_vGPUs.
virtual machine Virtual server in the cloud infrastructure. In OpenStack, active virtual machines are called instances.
volume Storage resource that can be attached to or detached from an OpenStack instance, like a virtual disk.
volume storage Type of persistent cloud storage providing virtual disk functionality to OpenStack instances running in the cloud. Implemented with Ceph software. Allocated in GB.

HyperText Transfer Protocol

Rapid Access Service

Resource Allocation Competition

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