Git: Difference between revisions

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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git Git] is a distributed, fast and secure source code management tool. The official Git website is [http://gitscm.org gitscm.org]. The Git software was initially created by  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds Linus Torvalds] for the Linux project and the current maintainer is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junio_Hamano Junio Hamano]. The development of Git itself is performed on the  [https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page kernel.org] platform.

Contrary to older source code management tools, Git works in a distributed way. This means that developers do not depend on a central repository to commit their changes. Each Git repository contains the full history of the project. Each Git object (changeset, file, directory) is the leaf of a tree with multiple branches. Developing a project with Git is based on a model in which one branch corresponds to one feature. Many revisions of the feature may be archived before the branch gets merged with the main trunk. For a detailed explanation of branch development, we recommend reading [http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/ this page].

One especially interesting technique is ''cherry-picking'', which is essentially taking part of a branch and merging it with another one. [http://technosophos.com/content/git-cherry-picking-move-small-code-patches-across-branches This page] describes how to use this technique with Git.

Generally, a project developer must be able to:

# clone or create the repository;

# make changes;

# push changes toward the original repository.

Since Git is distributed, there may not be an authoritative repository.

{| class="wikitable"  

|+ Basic commands

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|+ Commands to explore changes

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|+ Commands for branches, tags and remote repositories

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|+ Commands for patches

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|+ Other commands

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The first step usually is to create your own repository, or to clone an existing one.

To create a repository:

{{Command| git init my-project}}

To clone a repository:

{{Command | git clone git://github.com/git/git.git}}

When the repository is ready, you change directory and edit the file

{{Commands

}}

When work is done, you add the file:

{{Command| git add file.txt}}

{{Command| git commit }}

It is then possible to push changes to the origin repository with:

{{Command| git push origin master}}

In the above command, ''origin'' is the remote repository and ''master'' is the current branch that will be pushed.

[http://github.com GitHub] and [http://bitbucket.org Bitbucket] are two of the main Git repository hosting services. They are both available for commercial projects as well as free projects.

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