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Managing your cloud resources with OpenStack (view source)
Revision as of 19:31, 4 May 2016
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OpenStack is the software suite used on the Compute Canada Cloud to control hardware resources such as computers, storage and networking. It allows the creation and management of virtual machines ("VMs", or "instances"), which act like separate individual machines, by emulation in software. This allows users complete control over their computing environment, from choosing an operating system to software installation and configuration. Diverse use cases are supported, from hosting websites to creating virtual clusters. See official documentation at [http://docs.openstack.org/ http://docs.openstack.org/] for more details about OpenStack. | OpenStack is the software suite used on the Compute Canada Cloud to control hardware resources such as computers, storage and networking. It allows the creation and management of virtual machines ("VMs", or "instances"), which act like separate individual machines, by emulation in software. This allows users complete control over their computing environment, from choosing an operating system to software installation and configuration. Diverse use cases are supported, from hosting websites to creating virtual clusters. See official documentation at [http://docs.openstack.org/ http://docs.openstack.org/] for more details about OpenStack. | ||
This page describes how to perform common tasks encountered while working with OpenStack. | This page describes how to perform common tasks encountered while working with OpenStack. It is assumed that you have already read [[Cloud Quick Start]] and understand the basic operations of launching and connecting to a VM. | ||
==Working with Volumes== | ==Working with Volumes== | ||
A '''volume''' provides storage which is not destroyed when a VM is terminated. On the Compute Canada | A '''volume''' provides storage which is not destroyed when a VM is terminated. On the Compute Canada cloud resources, volumes use [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceph_(software) Ceph] storage with a 3-fold replication factor to provide safety against hardware failure. More documentation about OpenStack volumes can be found [http://docs.openstack.org/user-guide/common/cli_manage_volumes.html here]. | ||
===Creating a Volume=== | ===Creating a Volume=== | ||
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*Description:<br/>Optional text describing the volume | *Description:<br/>Optional text describing the volume | ||
*Type: <br/> | *Type: <br/> | ||
*Size (GB): <code> | *Size (GB): <code>40</code>, or some suitable size<br/> | ||
*Volume Source: <code>No source, empty volume</code><br/> | *Volume Source: <code>No source, empty volume</code><br/> | ||
*Availability Zone: <code>Any Availability Zone</code><br/> | *Availability Zone: <code>Any Availability Zone</code><br/> | ||
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===Accessing a Volume from a VM=== | ===Accessing a Volume from a VM=== | ||
To access the volume | To access the volume you must first '''attach''' it to a running VM. This is analogous to inserting a USB key or plugging an external drive into your personal computer. To attach a volume, | ||
* click the "More" drop down on the Volumes and Snapshots page, | |||
* select "Edit Attachments", | |||
* in the "Attach to Instance" drop down box select a VM, | |||
* then click the blue "Attach Volume" button. | |||
The process should complete in a few seconds. Then the Compute->Volumes dashboard will show that the newly created volume is attached to your selected VM on <code>/dev/vdb</code> or some similar location. | |||
===Formatting and Mounting an Empty Volume=== | ===Formatting and Mounting an Empty Volume=== | ||
On most | On most Linux distributions the following steps can be used to partition, format, and mount the newly created volume. NOTE: If this is not a newly created volume the partition and format steps should be skipped as they will result in loss of data on that volume, and only the steps to mount the volume should be followed. | ||
<ol> | <ol> | ||
<li> | <li>Create a partition on the volume with | ||
{{Command|sudo fdisk /dev/vdb}}<br/> | |||
<code>fdisk</code> will prompt you to enter a command. Use this sequence of single-character commands to create a new partition on your volume.</li> | |||
n => new partition | n => new partition | ||
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w => write partition table to disk and exit | w => write partition table to disk and exit | ||
<li> | <li>Format the newly created partition with | ||
{{Command|sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1}} | {{Command|sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1}} | ||
<li>Create a place to mount the device with | <li>Create a place to mount the device with | ||
{{Command| sudo mkdir /media/data}} | {{Command|sudo mkdir /media/data}} | ||
<li>Finally the volume | <li>Finally, mount the volume with | ||
{{Command| sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /media/data}} | {{Command|sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /media/data}} | ||
</ol> | </ol> | ||
If the VM is rebooted for some reason the volume will need to be remounted. To cause the VM to mount the volume automatically at boot time, edit <code>/etc/fstab</code> to add a new volume with a line like | |||
/dev/vdb1 /media/data ext4 defaults 0 2 | /dev/vdb1 /media/data ext4 defaults 0 2 | ||
Then to mount the device just added to <code>/etc/fstab</code> run | Then to mount the device just added to <code>/etc/fstab</code>, run | ||
{{Command| sudo mount -a}} | {{Command|sudo mount -a}} | ||
===Booting From a Volume=== | ===Booting From a Volume=== | ||